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Melanotan 2 also referred to as MT-2 is a synthetic version of the human naturally produced alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (αMSH), which has displayed several recorded benefits including increased sexual arousal, improved tanning or skin pigmentation (melanogenesis), reduction in compulsive behavior, assistance with addiction control, appetite control and help with weight loss, and some data suggests mitigation in signs of Autism [1].
In a mouse model of the common Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), the administration of Melanotan 2 has managed to reverse certain features of Autism. The research showed that Melanotan 2 increased the oxytocin receptor expression, and communication and social interaction have been improved as well, all this while reducing repetitive behaviors associated with ASD. This may suggest a direct link between oxytocin signaling in the brain with ASD behavior [1].
Over time, Melanotan has been shown to affect the production of melanin (melanogenesis) which is responsible for skin looking "darker", and is also known as “sunless tanning” meaning tanning of the skin without sun experiencing any exposure. Melanotan ii works by binding primarily to MC-1R and MC-4R, and less to the MC-3R which are three of the five melanocortin receptors in the body related to melatonin release. Generally, MC-1R is found in melanocytes in the skin follies and is involved in darkening of the skin and assists the skin in producing melanin, while MC-3R is related to appetite and impulse control, and MC-4R is related to sexual arousal, libido, and correct male erectile functionality. It is noteworthy to mention that long-term possible side effects of sunless tanning using Melanotan 2 peptides have not been established and that treatment with various agents like Melanotan 2 may potentially stimulate the proliferation of existing skin cancer- more study is required in this sphere though.
MT-2 has been found to lower fat storage and hunger-induced behavior in animal models. Research suggests that MT-2 has similar effects to the leptin hormone and that it might be effective in lowering the hunger sensation by stimulating both leptin-dependent and leptin-independent pathways in the body[2, 3]. Furthermore, both Melanotan 2 and leptin are believed to cause an increase in thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) gene expression and MC-4R pathway stimulating in a specific brain region associated with satiety and food intake [4]. Interestingly, MT-2 is one of the very few substances that cross into the central nervous system in high enough amounts to induce an effect on TRH expression. in that same study, Mice given Melanotan 2 demonstrated minimal affinity for dietary fat and satiety with lower caloric intake regimes.
Melanotan 2 may have an effect on impulse control by affecting oxytocin signaling. Studies in rats have demonstrated that for those who prefer alcohol, administration of Melanotan 2 reduces alcohol intake while at the same time increasing water intake [5]. Melanotan 2 also works together with Naltrexone to reduce alcohol consumption by some multiples [8]. Of course, more research is required in this field to conclude Melanotan's potential therapeutic possibilities.
MT-2 has shown high efficacy in the treatment for Erectile Dysfunction (ED) in 80% of cases of failed treatment with other ED medication [6]. Melanotan 2 has also been studied as a potential treatment for both male and female sexual desire disorders and has been shown to possibly be able to improve libido and sexual arousal. Recent research suggests that MT-2 can have even more wide-ranging applications than other commonly used ED drugs due to its effects on the central nervous system, and not just vasodilation.
Alzheimer’s disease research indicates that MT-2 may lower beta-amyloid accumulation and decrease the A1 subtype of reactive astrocytes which are believed to contribute starkly to neurotoxicity and neuron death in those who suffer from Alzheimer’s Disease [7]. More concrete and conclusive research is required to establish a definitive link between Melanotan and dementia.
SARMs should only be used under the direct supervision and direction of a trained and licensed medical doctor or a designated research authority. Sarmful strongly discourages the use of SARMs for performance enhancement in fields of various sports such as bodybuilding and achievement sports, etc.
S4 is an investigational compound still undergoing research and NOT yet FDA approved, nor it is a dietary supplement. Sarmful is solely a research chemical supplier specializing in sourcing and quality control. We are not medical doctors. Sarmful discourages strongly against “bro science” and peer consensus when making decisions about human health.
We do not encourage or condone consumer use of SARMs products, they are for research purposes only.
1. Minakova E, Lang J, Medel-Matus JS, Gould GG, Reynolds A, Shin D, Mazarati A, Sankar R. Melanotan-II reverses autistic features in a maternal immune activation mouse model of autism. PLoS One. 2019 Jan 10;14(1):e0210389. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210389. PMID: 30629642; PMCID: PMC6328175.
2. Shimizu H, Inoue K, Mori M. The leptin-dependent and -independent melanocortin signaling system: regulation of feeding and energy expenditure. J Endocrinol. 2007 Apr;193(1):1-9. doi: 10.1677/JOE-06-0144. PMID: 17400797.
3. Bjørbaek C, Hollenberg AN. Leptin and melanocortin signaling in the hypothalamus. Vitam Horm. 2002;65:281-311. doi: 10.1016/s0083-6729(02)65068-x. PMID: 12481551.
4. Guo F, Bakal K, Minokoshi Y, Hollenberg AN. Leptin signaling targets the thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene promoter in vivo. Endocrinology. 2004 May;145(5):2221-7. doi: 10.1210/en.2003-1312. Epub 2004 Feb 5. PMID: 14764630.
5. York DA, Boghossian S, Park-York M. Melanocortin activity in the amygdala influences alcohol intake. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2011 Mar;98(1):112-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2010.12.010. Epub 2010 Dec 15. PMID: 21167196.
6. Wessells H, Fuciarelli K, Hansen J, Hadley ME, Hruby VJ, Dorr R, Levine N. Synthetic melanotropic peptide initiates erections in men with psychogenic erectile dysfunction: double-blind, placebo controlled crossover study. J Urol. 1998 Aug;160(2):389-93. PMID: 9679884.
7. Lau JKY, Tian M, Shen Y, Lau SF, Fu WY, Fu AKY, Ip NY. Melanocortin receptor activation alleviates amyloid pathology and glial reactivity in an Alzheimer’s disease transgenic mouse model. Sci Rep. 2021 Feb 23;11(1):4359. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-83932-4. PMID: 33623128; PMCID: PMC7902646.
8. Navarro M, Carvajal F, Lerma-Cabrera JM, Cubero I, Picker MJ, Thiele TE. Evidence that Melanocortin Receptor Agonist Melanotan-II Synergistically Augments the Ability of Naltrexone to Blunt Binge-Like Ethanol Intake in Male C57BL/6J Mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2015 Aug;39(8):1425-33. doi: 10.1111/acer.12774. Epub 2015 Jun 24. PMID: 26108334; PMCID: PMC4515169.
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