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kisspeptin has been found to change the regular release patterns of Luteinizing hormone (LH) in men, helping to normalize sex hormone levels. kisspeptin given to healthy men resulted in increased LH and testosterone levels overall. But it is important to note that at high doses, kisspeptin-10 can cause a hormonal disruption which may cause a continuous LH release [2].
Kisspeptin production and release play a role in energy levels and may regulate the energetic balance. A study conducted on mice with the kisspeptin receptor (Kiss1r) removed have shown to have an overall increased fat tissue and lower energy levels. This is explained due to the fact that kisspeptin receptors are found in white and brown fat tissue, which further suggests a connection between kisspeptin and positive energy balance. The link between energy levels and reproductive health indicates the involvement of kisspeptin in energy modulation during reproduction activities [3].
Kisspeptin is shown , in a study, to suppress the spread of melanoma; a dangerous and malignant form of skin cancer. It does this by lowering the ability of cancer cells to form cell bonding and prevent cancer cells from reaching inside other currently healthy tissues. This helps in reducing cancer cell spread in the body. Low kisspeptin levels have been found in various metastatic cancer types, including breast, bladder, gastrointestinal, prostate, pancreatic, ovarian, skin, and thyroid cancers [4, 5].
A Study conducted in 2020 has shown a link between kisspeptin, melatonin, and cancer prevention. There, mice exposed to daylight showed high kisspeptin levels and low melatonin levels compared to the control group of mice which were kept in the dark. Despite the daylight-exposed mice experiencing increased tumor growth rates and volume, metastasis was not observed. This study reveals the potential of kisspeptin and melatonin to suppress cancerous tumors [6].
Kisspeptin 10 interacts with areas of the brain responsible for memory consolidation and 3-D space orientation abilities. In a study on mice which were administered kisspeptin peptides, the mice has been shown to be able to reverse learning and navigational impairment related to alcohol intoxication states [7]. Furthermore, Another study have shown that kisspeptin administration to healthy heterosexual men enhanced their limbic brain activity, increased reward-seeking behavior, and drive, and improved overall mood swings and states [8].
Kisspeptin 10 and its receptors are located in throughout the kidney organ. They have an important role in overall kidney health and healthy development by influencing kidney function signaling. Studies have demonstrated that nn mice, Kisspeptin was able to increase the growth of nerves and blood vessels within the kidney tissue. Additionally, kisspeptin may relate to blood vessel function in specific areas of the body such as the heart, and potentially contribute to lower tumor metastasis rate and scale [9, 10].
Kisspeptin10 and neurokinin B (NKB), encoded by the Kiss1 and TAC3/Tac2 genes, are incharge of the crucial reproductive milestones such as puberty onset. Non functional genes or kisspeptin receptors linked to these neuropeptides result in late sexual puberty and infertility in both humans and rodents [17]. These neuropeptides, along with dynorphin A, are related in the arcuate nucleus as KNDy neurons, where NKB’s stimulatory effects on Luteinizing hormone release, mediated by auto-synaptic inputs, induce gonadotropin-releasing hormone GnRH secretion in a kisspeptin-dependent manner [17].
Kisspeptin10 is involved in regulating the reproductive axis and is important factor for initiating puberty on time, while HCG is a hormone produced in females during pregnancy to support and maintain early pregnancy. HCG mimics LH and FSH hormones, while Kisspeptin-10 is responsible for the production of GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) which will then increase LH and FSH in the body.
SARMs should only be used under the direct supervision and direction of a trained and licensed medical doctor or a designated research authority. Sarmful strongly discourages the use of SARMs for performance enhancement in fields of various sports such as bodybuilding and achievement sports, etc.
S4 is an investigational compound still undergoing research and NOT yet FDA approved, nor it is a dietary supplement. Sarmful is solely a research chemical supplier specializing in sourcing and quality control. We are not medical doctors. Sarmful discourages strongly against “bro science” and peer consensus when making decisions about human health.
We do not encourage or condone consumer use of SARMs products, they are for research purposes only.
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